The Effect of State Income Tax Apportionment and Tax Incentives on New Capital Expenditures
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2003
Keywords
Apportionment formula, State taxation, Tax incentives, Throwback rule, Unitary business principle
Abstract
© 2016 American Accounting Association. All rights reserved. This study examines how variations in states’ corporate income tax regimes affect new capital investment by business. Using U.S. state-aggregated data from 1983 to 1996, we find in pooled and fixed-effects regressions that new capital expenditures by corporations in the manufacturing sector are decreasing in the income tax burden on property (measured as the product of the statutory tax rate and the property factor weight), and increasing at a decreasing rate in investment-related tax incentives. The effect of the income tax burden on property is more pronounced for states mandating unitary taxation or the throwback rule. Triangulating our empirical findings with prior analytical and simulation studies suggests the following hierarchy for the relative importance of major attributes of state corporate income tax regimes: the unitary or throwback requirement is most influential on incremental capital investment, followed by apportionment weights and tax rates, and, finally, investment-related incentives.
Journal Title
Journal of the American Taxation Association
Volume
25
First Page
1
Last Page
25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2308/jata.2003.25.s-1.1
First Department
School of Business Administration
Recommended Citation
Gupta, Sanjay and Hofmann, Mary Ann, "The Effect of State Income Tax Apportionment and Tax Incentives on New Capital Expenditures" (2003). Faculty Publications. 2142.
https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/pubs/2142